Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment

Influence of mineral fertilization on the amino acid content and raw protein of wheat grain

Author(s):

Florin Crista ¹*, Isidora Radulov ¹, Laura Crista ², Adina Berbecea ¹, Alina Lato ¹

Recieved Date: 2012-07-04, Accepted Date: 2012-09-30

Abstract:

The most efficient way of improving food resources of humanity is to increase agricultural production per hectare in arable terrains by introducing new varieties and qualified hybrids and by improving crop technology. From all agricultural crops wheat represents the most important cultivated species. The wheat contains almost the entire types of amino acids, nevertheless lysine, methionine, threonine and tyrosine are in insufficient quantities for human requirement. Wheat contains a large quantity of starch (65-70%), the main component of grain, and also some sugars (maltose, sucrose). All these have an important energetic role. The research takes place in experimental field from U. S. A. M. V. B. Didactic Station from Timisoara and after that in the research lab of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department from Agricultural Faculty. The experiments were stationary type, with wheat-maize-sun flower rotation. Each plot was sub-divided in four repetitions, linear, with size of 10 m x 3 m (30 m²). The variety used for this experiment was Alex. The fertilizers used were 20-20-0 complex mineral fertilizers, N 28 liquid foliar fertilizers, Microstar 10- 40-0 + 11 SO₃ + 2 Zn micro granulated fertilizers. Raw protein content of wheat grain was determined by Kjeldahl method, as Kjeldahl nitrogen multiplied with 6.25. The amino acids were assayed using ion-exchange chromatography after hydrolyzing with 6 M HCl for 24 h at 110°C. Methionine and cystine were analyzed by using formic acid protection prior to acid hydrolysis. The higher values for raw protein were found in the case of maximum dose of nitrogen fertilizers. The increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer doses influenced  insignificantly on the nitrogen content of grains. The raw protein content of wheat grain was significantly affected in the case of fertilized wheat; the lowest content of raw protein was found in the case of unfertilized wheat. The increase of mineral fertilizer dose had a major role in the variation of histidine content. The content of isoleucine was less significantly affected by the fertilizer doses. The arginine content of wheat grain was in connection with fertiliser dose. The metionine content of wheat grain was low; the use of mineral fertilizers had an insignificant impact. 

Keywords:

Fertilizers, ion-exchange chromatography, Kjeldahl method, response curves, total nitrogen, amino acids, raw protein, wheat grain

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Journal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2012
Volume: 10
Issue: 3&4
Category: Food and Health
Pages: 47-50

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