Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment

Studying cold resistance of three commercial cultivars of Iranian almond via ion leakage parameter at different times after chilling

Author(s):

H. Afshari ^1*, T. Parvaneh ², A. G. Ebadi ¹, H. Abbaspour ¹, H. A. Arab ¹

Recieved Date: 2011-06-20, Accepted Date: 2011-09-29

Abstract:

Because of its suitable climatic conditions, Iran is one of the major centres of almond production, ranking fourth in the world. Negligence towards factors influencing almond production, particularly choosing suitable cultivars, may bring about unrecoverable damages. One of the main problems of almond producers in Iran is the irregular and fluctuating production rates. This is the result of early flowering of native genotypes and coincidence of their flowering times with a cold spring. Under such conditions, chilling or lack of suitable pollination and insemination in the absence of pollen carrying insects at the time of flowering, reduces the total product. This type of damage has been estimated at 60-100% in some years. Thus, implementation of research plans and breeding projects on almond may be one of the best shots at producing cold resistant cultivars that may help counter this problem. An experiment was done on three major commercial cultivars of ‘Monagha’, variety 12 and variety 18, through a double-factor factorial in the form of random blocks with three replications. Treatments included cultivar at 3 levels, cold factor at 6 levels and phenological phase at 3 levels. Results indicated that the highest rate of ionic leakage in different hours after treatment was achieved at -6ºC, in which the leakage was significantly higher than at other temperatures. The lowest leakage was achieved at 4ºC, in which the leakage was significantly lower than at other temperatures. Variety 12 was more resistant to cold in comparison to the other two cultivars (‘Monagha’, variety 18). Comparison of means showed that the lowest leakage rate was achieved in the plant swelling (dormant) phase while the highest one was in the fruit phase. In other words, among phenological phases studied here, the newly formed fruit phase was most sensitive and the swollen phase most resistant to cold.

Keywords:

Almond, cold damage, cultivar, leakage

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Journal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2011
Volume: 9
Issue: 3&4
Category: Agriculture
Pages: 449-454

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