Writing Instructions
Please follow writing instructions very carefully and check for grammar and style and also WFL publisher's journals policy before final submission (§: journal policy).
- Subject area
- Research articles (full length)
- Review articles
- Short communications
- Letters to the Editors Views or Opinions
- Correspondence section (reports on seminars, workshops etc.)
Length
- Normally, a manuscript should not exceed 30 pages. Any submitted manuscript that is not concise might be returned to the corresponding author for revision.
As at now, we do not have a page limit for the following types of contributions:
- Research notes
- Brief communications (abstracts should be included)
- Review articles (a summary or abstract are needed)
- Book reviews
- Summary or Abstracts of meetings (will be advertised online)
Typeset
Manuscripts should be typeset using 1.5 line spacing and 12 font size on one sided of A4 size or 8½” × 11″ paper. All margins (left, right, top and bottom) should be 2.5 cm. Please do not underline headings. Underlining should be used to indicate italicised words. Use of italics in the manuscript should be restricted to general or species names, and chemical descriptors (e.g. cis, trans). Footnotes should be kept to the minimum and indicated by * or †. Do not use full stops after abbreviations unless they are essential for clarity. Abbreviations of chemical and other names/ titles should be defined in first instance, unless the abbreviations are commonly used and internationally accepted.
Units and nomenclature
Use SI units should be used. For example, use the form g kg-1 (not %) to specify content, composition or concentration. Use % only to express proportional change. Note that the form g 100g-1 etc is not correct. Avoid use of g per 100g,; instead use g kg-1. Fertilizer rate should be presented in terms of element applied. Further information on ISO recommendations can be obtained from the following publication issued by the British Standards Institution, London: Specification for SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units, BS 5555:1993 ISO 1000:1992.
Symbols
Write all symbols, formula and equations carefully. Unusual symbols (including Greek lettering) should be defined in words on the left margin at the first instance.
Scientific names
Write scientific names (with authority) of plants, animals, microorganisms, with full generic name at the first instance, for example, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Thereafter, abbreviated name may be used, e.g. M. persicae . Write scientific name in full (without authority) when they are used in headings of sections, tables, figures and key words. Cultivars should be specified where it is appropriate,.
Enzyme nomenclature
Identify each enzyme together with its EC number, if available, at the first mention, following recommendations of the latest edition of enzyme nomenclature.
Chemical nomenclature
Use current systematic IUPAC nomenclature.
Statistical analyses
Special care should be taken to ensure that the appropriate statistical analyses have been carried out. The methods used should be clearly described concisely, yet with enough information to explain how the chosen methods have been applied to data. The form of all experimental errors and their statistical significance must be clearly given. The statistical analyses should be used in discussion to justify inferences made against the background of normal biological variation.
Layout
The main body of the manuscript should be divided into unnumbered sections and each given an appropriate heading. The main headings should be on the left and over the text (11 fonts, bold). The choice of headings will depend on the content, but the following format is recommended for research papers:
Title: This should be concise, short, specific and explain the nature of the work. Use 14 fonts, bold, e.g.” Food consumption in Finland”)
Leave 3 line spaces after the title and write the author name(s)
The author (s) full name(s) (starting with the first name, then the family name, 11 fonts, bold). Each author’s name must have the customary first mane in full and other first given names as initials, e.g. William B. Jain. Write full affiliation and address(es), where the work was done and include e-mail addresses of corresponding author and all co-author(s), if possible.
To facilitate correspondences please keep Journal Editorial office informed of any changes in your addresses, e-mails and telephone or fax numbers.
Leave 2 line spaces after author name(s) and write the abstract.
Abstract
The abstract must be informative and concise, giving an overview and essential information such as the purpose of the work; the results obtained , statistical significance and inference/ conclusion without reference. It normally should not exceed 400 words but not less than 250 words. Authors should remember that the abstract is often the only portion of a paper which is used for abstracting , hence use of unusual acronyms or abbreviations should be avoided.It should reflect the main focus/ theme of the paper.
Use 2 line spaces (for the rest of the subsections).
Keywords:
List main topical words which reflect theme of the paper, including any already given in the title (preferably more than 10-15 key words).
Key words are those word that appear with statistically with unusual frequency in a text or a corpus of texts.
Introduction
Include a clear description of aims of the investigation (without summarizing the work itself) and a brief statement of previous relevant work with references. For review articles, indicate clearly the scope of the review such as subject areas, geographical area, or period covered in the review. Authors should identify research gap by critical review of previous works and set objectives for the paper.
Experimental
Clearly state, in sufficient details part of the works to be repeated, the materials and methods used. Only new techniques and modifications to known methods needed to be described in detail, but known methods must have adequate references. Include the name, postal town, code and country of the supplier or manufacturer of any chemical or apparatus not in common use. Give the statistical design (including replication) of each experiment where appropriate.
Results
Present data accurately, using tables or illustrations for clarity; do not repeat or list the results in the text. State clearly the form of the experimental error and statistical significance of results. Do not overstate the precision of the measurements. Histograms or bar charts are inferor to tables unless carefully prepared. However, in exceptional circumstances both tables and illustrations on the same dataset are accepted. The results and discussion, sections may be combined together where / when appropriate.
Discussion
This section should be brief and should delve into scientific interpretation of results. Repetition of results should be avoided. A combined results and discussion section sometimes simplifies the presentation.
Conclusions
This section should include the most important conclusions and recommendations, if any . It is expected that authors should give clear interpretation and relevance; no repetition of the previous sections. The discussion and conclusions sections cannot be merged.
Acknowledgements
These should include the assistance, help, cooperation by person, organization or financial help while conducting experiments, any technical, writing and general support that made the work a reality, but unqualified to be listed as co-authors. Funding bodies should be acknowledged. Keep the content to the absolute minimum.
References
Please avoid self-citation.
Check carefully the accuracy and follow journal style; refer unpublished work only in the text (William M N unpublished), (Brown C D pers comm). Indicate literature references at the appropriate place in the text using superscript numbers in the order in which they appear and a full numerical list must appear at the end of the paper, stating the initials of all authors after their respective surnames. Ensure that all references in the list are cited in the text and vice-a-vice. Give the date and full title of the paper in the language in which it appeared or an accurate English translation. Abbreviate all journal titles as in Chemical Abstracts or Biological Abstracts and the annual BIOSIS List of Serials, without using full stops after abbreviation. If the journal is not included, give its title in full. Volume numbers should be in bold print.
Note the following style and the order for citation:
An article with one or more authors
Hiilovaara-Teijo, M., Hannukkala, A., Griffith, M., Yu, X.-M., and Pihakaski-Maunsbach, K. 1999. Snow-mold-induced apoplastic proteins in winter rye leaves lack antifreeze activity. Plant Physiol. 121: 665-674.
Office of Agricultural Economics Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. 2008. 2007 Thailand Agricultural Statistic Annual Report, 230 p.
Parthanadee, P., Puthakulsomsiri, J., Kompatraporn, C. and Monthatipkul, C. 2009. Supply Chain and Logistics Management for Cassava products in Thailand Final report. Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, 340 p.
Corn Products International.Annual report of 2007. 2008. Available online.
Peoples, M. B., Faizah, A. W., Rerkasem, B. and Herridge, D. F. 1989. Methods for Evaluating Nitrogen Fixation by Nodulated Legumes in the Field. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, pp. 47-49.
China statistical Yearbook 2011: Compiled by National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistics press FAO/STAT. 2012.
An article in a book
Bradfort, M.L., Kangas, L., and Nordlund, G. 1990. Model calculations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Finland. In: Kauppi, P. et al. (eds.). Acidification in Finland. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 167-197.
A book with one or more authors
ARC 1984. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Supplement No. 1. Technical review by an Agricultural Research Council working party, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK. 45 p.
Lominadze, D.G. 1981. Cyclotrone waves in plasma. 2nd ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 206 p.
Møller, J., Th¸gersen, R., Kjeldsen, A.M., Weisbjerg, M.R., ;øegaard, K., Hvelplund, T., and
Børsting, C.F. 2000. Fodermiddeltabel. Sammensætning og foderværdi af fodermidler til
kvæg. Rapport 91. Århus: Landbrugets Rådgivningscenter. 52 p.
Senauer, B., Asp, E., and Kinsey, J. 1991. Food trends and the changing consumer. St. Paul, MN: Eagan Press.
Conference papers
Petit, M., Garel, J.P., D’Hour, P., and Agabriel, J. 1995. The use of forages by the beef cow herd. In: Journet, M. et al. (eds.). Recent developments in the nutrition of herbivores. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. Paris: INRA editions. p. 473-496.
Niskanen, M. 1990. Zinc adsorption and increase of plant zinc concentration upon zinc application in mineral soils of Finland. Transactions of the 15th World Congress of Soil Science, Acapulco, Mexico. 5b: 395-396. When quoting patents give the name of the applicant, the year of publication, the title, the country and patent or application number, for example:
Hilton MS and Williams ML. 1980. Method of sorting seeds. UK Patent 1777888.
The citation pattern:
- Researcher, scientist and students are encouraged to cite articles published in WFL publisher journal(s) while also submitting articles to other journals. You may recommend our journal to your colleagues, students, libraries, institutions, universities networks and or indexing agencies.
- The citation pattern will be highly unfavourable if high self-citation is used. If authors engage in self-citation, it can cause an unusual rise in items published, this however, reduces the impact on the academic community.
- As a matter fact, we are invite scientists, authors or students to cite articles published in WFL publisher journal(s) in many other scientific journals.
We, have decided to make the online access free. You can forward the link to other scientists or library to connect with us ( http://www.wflpublisher.com/Journal)
Abbreviations
The International System of Units (SI) should be used. Accepted common names of the active ingredients of chemical formulations should be used in preference to trade names, and confirmed to internationally recognised codes of nomenclature. Generic and specific Latin names should be typed in italics.
Tables
Tables containing numerical data should be kept at the minimum and should only include essential information (with the level of significance). All tables, graphs or photograph must be inserted in the body of the text. Each table should have a concise self-explanatory title, and abbreviations used should be defined directly below the tables. Full stops and not commas, should be used as decimal points. When preparing tables with a word processor, please note the use of tabulation key, and not the space bar, should be used to line up the columns. Table format can be used.
Figures (drawings and photographs)
Figures should be selected by looking at / considering the printed page format and allowing for the effect of potential (less than 33%) reduction in size. Alphabetical or numerical characters should be at least 1.5 mm high in print. The figures should be consecutively numbered in Arabic numerals, and their position should be indicated in the margin. All figure legends should be printed on the same sheet for each figure. Drawings reproduced with a high quality laser printer are preferred. Photographs, if used, should be of good resolution and printed on glossy paper. Please do not use any scanned illustrations. Use 300 dpi to 600 dpi when scanning your photographs or figures/ maps to avoid poor printing quality. File size should be kept at the minimum size as possible.
Where possible, illustrations should be sent by airmail and submitted in an electronic format (saved on CD along with the hard copy text) or sent in MS Word by email. In addition, save each figure as a separate file, in TIFF, JPEG or EPS format preferably; including source file. Indicate the softaware used on the disk. Use standard illustration packages in if MS Excel or MS PowerPoint is not used.
Line drawings and figures should be in a form suitable for direct reproduction, no larger than A4 or 8½” × 11″, in black ink, with stenciled lettering (avoid using dry transfer, typewritten or handwritten). Computer-drawn diagrams must be prepared on a high quality laser or ink jet printer or plotter, not on a dot matrix printer or its equivalent.
Use only essential characters and insert those and any other symbols clearly; explain all symbols used, and where a key to symbol is required, please include this in the artwork itself, not in the figure legend. On graphs, include labels and units on axes and on graphs. Present logarithmic scales with arithmetic numbering 0.1, 1, 10, 100 rather than -1, 0, 1, 2. Avoid unnecessary long axes that lead to huge blank spaces on the figure.
Line drawings or other figures should be compatible with same degree of reduction; all characters should be such that they are at least 1.5 mm in height after reduction. The type area of each page is 172 mm wide × 249 mm deep, in two columns each at 81 mm wide, and the characters should therefore be large enough to be legible after reduction. Photographs (halftones) should be supplied as glossy prints (four original prints of each) of good resoulution, photocopies are not acceptable. Do not allow them to be damaged by paper clips, folding etc. You may experience Some loss of clarity may occur during the reproduction if these instructions are not followed.
Electrophoresis patterns
These are complex photographs, which often lack clarity and should not be included except for making a/some particular emphasis. Adhere to the following principles gel electrophoresis, SDS gels, immuno-electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing etc. is essential,:
- a single zone requires only description in the text
- preferably claim homogeneity using a scan diagram
- preferably use a single gel to compare several tracks
- when scanned diagrams are used, accurate alignment is essential
Where photographs or scanned diagrams are used:
- number all zones and identify those common to more than one track
- give a molecular weight scale for SDS gels
- give experimental details and track identification in the legend
Chemical structures
Prepare these on a separate sheet as described for illustrations and number the individual formulae with Roman numerals (I, II). All bonds, charges and free radicals should be accurately positioned. Indicate aromatic and unsaturated heterocyclic systems using double bonds. Preferably use general structures, distinguishing related compounds by substituent R1, R2 etc.
PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW VERY CAREFULLY, BEFORE SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT
Author(s) MUST SEND the paper for editing:
1. The author(s) must send the paper for language editing to correct grammatical mistakes or error in sentences and or to improve the quality .
2. Contact three to four external scientists or experts on the similar field of specialization, to review your paper (preferably from some English- speaking countries).
3. Incorporate all corrections and comments made by reviewers or editors. Then the manuscript may be submitted to WFL publisher journal(s)
4. It is essential that full name, email address and details of experts/ scientists who have reviewed and edited the paper(s).
5. Along with the corrected and revised version of the paper , it is necessary that final recommendation or decision of the reviewer (s) are included. Otherwise, the paper will be rejected.
6. Based on the comments of the reviewers or editors, kindly submit the final corrected version of your paper (well corrected, well edited and well written) to WFL publisher journal(s).
The WFL publisher journal's editorial board will consider reviewers’ comments and make minor corrections on the submitted paper. Considering the importance and relevance of the theme(s) of submitted manuscripts to avoid rejection of your paper(s).
The author(s) will be fully responsible for the content, evaluation and quality of the submitted paper (WFL publisher's journal(s) policy).